Trace nickel analysis in water samples via paper-based devices coupled with co-precipitation

A simple, fast, low-cost and sensitive microfluidic paper-based analytical device (u-PADs) integrated with the co-precipitation enrichment procedure was developed to analyse Ni(II) in tap mineral water samples. The impacting factors, including pH, centrifugation (5 min at 4000 rpm), amounts of reagents were optimized. limit detection 0.009 mg L-1 linear range 0.03-2.00 achieved good intra- inter-day precision (4.7 5.6% RSD, respectively). recovery tests conducted by spiking samples analyzed using u-PADs after enrichment. results obtained proposed method validated inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). recoveries present ICP-OES ranged from 92.4-106.8% 92.9-97.2%, respectively. two sets (u-PADs ICP-OES) agreement, as a paired t-test indicated no significant differences. could be utilized for analyzing trace levels developing countries where availability conventional instruments are problems.